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Within the C programming language the increment and decrement are often used in this simple generic way. The operator of increment is represented by two plus signs in a row. Increment and decremented operators are used in some programming languages like C, C, C#, Java, etc. Let’s see how these operators are used in C. Increment operator () increases the value by one and decremented operator (−−) decreases it by one. There are two different ways these operators are used: prefix and postfix.
*Post Increment Operator
*C++ Post Increment Operator
*Pre Increment In C
*C++ Post Increment-->
The following operators perform arithmetic operations with operands of numeric types:
*Unary ++ (increment), -- (decrement), + (plus), and - (minus) operators
*Binary * (multiplication), / (division), % (remainder), + (addition), and - (subtraction) operators
Those operators are supported by all integral and floating-point numeric types.
In the case of integral types, those operators (except the ++ and -- operators) are defined for the int, uint, long, and ulong types. When operands are of other integral types (sbyte, byte, short, ushort, or char), their values are converted to the int type, which is also the result type of an operation. When operands are of different integral or floating-point types, their values are converted to the closest containing type, if such a type exists. For more information, see the Numeric promotions section of the C# language specification. The ++ and -- operators are defined for all integral and floating-point numeric types and the char type.Increment operator ++
The unary increment operator ++ increments its operand by 1. The operand must be a variable, a property access, or an indexer access.
The increment operator is supported in two forms: the postfix increment operator, x++, and the prefix increment operator, ++x.Postfix increment operator
The result of x++ is the value of xbefore the operation, as the following example shows:Prefix increment operator
The result of ++x is the value of xafter the operation, as the following example shows:Decrement operator --
The unary decrement operator -- decrements its operand by 1. The operand must be a variable, a property access, or an indexer access.
The decrement operator is supported in two forms: the postfix decrement operator, x--, and the prefix decrement operator, --x.Postfix decrement operator
The result of x-- is the value of xbefore the operation, as the following example shows:Prefix decrement operator
The result of --x is the value of xafter the operation, as the following example shows:Unary plus and minus operators
The unary + operator returns the value of its operand. The unary - operator computes the numeric negation of its operand.
The ulong type doesn’t support the unary - operator.
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The multiplication operator * computes the product of its operands:
The unary * operator is the pointer indirection operator.Division operator /
The division operator / divides its left-hand operand by its right-hand operand.Integer division
For the operands of integer types, the result of the / operator is of an integer type and equals the quotient of the two operands rounded towards zero:
Nc history for kids. To obtain the quotient of the two operands as a floating-point number, use the float, double, or decimal type:Floating-point division
For the float, double, and decimal types, the result of the / operator is the quotient of the two operands:
If one of the operands is decimal, another operand can be neither float nor double, because neither float nor double is implicitly convertible to decimal. You must explicitly convert the float or double operand to the decimal type. For more information about conversions between numeric types, see Built-in numeric conversions.Remainder operator %
The remainder operator % computes the remainder after dividing its left-hand operand by its right-hand operand.
The College Info Geek Podcast Learn how to be a more effective student, even while you’re doing your laundry. Study Music Playlist Get a concentrated dose of focus for your ears. Tools Manage your money, stay focused, and get things done. College Packing List. Money geek blog. Business, Engineering, Finance, Law, Marketing, Advertising, Lifestyle, Health, Home Decor, IT, Science, Technology - News, Updaes, How to Guides. Advertise With GeekBlog GeekBlog is an online blog for geeks who are looking for Multimedia Technology, latest products. Also, for those who are looking for the latest and best products and services in the world of Geek. For prices and more details if you need, please contact ads@digi1.co. Supported Advertisements on GeekBlog Sponsored Posts.Integer remainder
For the operands of integer types, the result of a % b is the value produced by a - (a / b) * b. The sign of the non-zero remainder is the same as that of the left-hand operand, as the following example shows:
Use the Math.DivRem method to compute both integer division and remainder results.Floating-point remainder
For the float and double operands, the result of x % y for the finite x and y is the value z such that
*The sign of z, if non-zero, is the same as the sign of x.
*The absolute value of z is the value produced by |x| - n * |y| where n is the largest possible integer that is less than or equal to |x| / |y| and |x| and |y| are the absolute values of x and y, respectively.
Note
This method of computing the remainder is analogous to that used for integer operands, but different from the IEEE 754 specification. If you need the remainder operation that complies with the IEEE 754 specification, use the Math.IEEERemainder method.
For information about the behavior of the % operator with non-finite operands, see the Remainder operator section of the C# language specification.
For the decimal operands, the remainder operator % is equivalent to the remainder operator of the System.Decimal type.
The following example demonstrates the behavior of the remainder operator with floating-point operands:Addition operator +
The addition operator + computes the sum of its operands:
You can also use the + operator for string concatenation and delegate combination. For more information, see the + and += operators article.Subtraction operator -
The subtraction operator - subtracts its right-hand operand from its left-hand operand:
You can also use the - operator for delegate removal. For more information, see the - and -= operators article.Compound assignment
For a binary operator op, a compound assignment expression of the form
is equivalent to
except that x is only evaluated once.
The following example demonstrates the usage of compound assignment with arithmetic operators:
Because of numeric promotions, the result of the op operation might be not implicitly convertible to the type T of x. In such a case, if op is a predefined operator and the result of the operation is explicitly convertible to the type T of x, a compound assignment expression of the form x op= y is equivalent to x = (T)(x op y), except that x is only evaluated once. The following example demonstrates that behavior:
You also use the += and -= operators to subscribe to and unsubscribe from an event, respectively. For more information, see How to subscribe to and unsubscribe from events.Operator precedence and associativity
The following list orders arithmetic operators starting from the highest precedence to the lowest:
*Postfix increment x++ and decrement x-- operators
*Prefix increment ++x and decrement --x and unary + and - operators
*Multiplicative *, /, and % operators
*Additive + and - operators
Binary arithmetic operators are left-associative. That is, operators with the same precedence level are evaluated from left to right.
Use parentheses, (), to change the order of evaluation imposed by operator precedence and associativity.
For the complete list of C# operators ordered by precedence level, see the Operator precedence section of the C# operators article.Arithmetic overflow and division by zero
When the result of an arithmetic operation is outside the range of possible finite values of the involved numeric type, the behavior of an arithmetic operator depends on the type of its operands.Integer arithmetic overflow
Integer division by zero always throws a DivideByZeroException.
In case of integer arithmetic overflow, an overflow checking context, which can be checked or unchecked, controls the resulting behavior:
*In a checked context, if overflow happens in a constant expression, a compile-time error occurs. Otherwise, when the operation is performed at run time, an OverflowException is thrown.
*In an unchecked context, the result is truncated by discarding any high-order bits that don’t fit in the destination type.
Along with the checked and unchecked statements, you can use the checked and unchecked operators to control the overflow checking context, in which an expression is evaluated:
By default, arithmetic operations occur in an unchecked context.Floating-point arithmetic overflow
Arithmetic operations with the float and double types never throw an exception. The result of arithmetic operations with those types can be one of special values that represent infinity and not-a-number:
For the operands of the decimal type, arithmetic overflow always throws an OverflowException and division by zero always throws a DivideByZeroException.Round-off errors
Because of general limitations of the floating-point representation of real numbers and floating-point arithmetic, round-off errors might occur in calculations with floating-point types. That is, the produced result of an expression might differ from the expected mathematical result. The following example demonstrates several such cases:
For more information, see remarks at the System.Double, System.Single, or System.Decimal reference pages.Operator overloadability
A user-defined type can overload the unary (++, --, +, and -) and binary (*, /, %, +, and -) arithmetic operators. When a binary operator is overloaded, the corresponding compound assignment operator is also implicitly overloaded. A user-defined type cannot explicitly overload a compound assignment operator.C# language specification
For more information, see the following sections of the C# language specification:See also
* Related Questions & Answers
*Selected ReadingC++Server Side ProgrammingProgramming
The Pre increment and post increment both operators are used as increment operations. The pre increment operator is used to increment the value of some variable before using it in an expression. In the pre increment the value is incremented at first, then used inside the expression.
if the expression is a = ++b; and b is holding 5 at first, then a will hold 6. Because increase b by 1, then set the value of a with it.Example CodeOutputExample CodeOutputExample CodeOutputExample CodePost Increment OperatorOutput
The post increment operator is used to increment the value of some variable after using it in an expression. In the post increment the value is used inside the expression, then incremented by one.
if the expression is a = b++; and b is holding 5 at first, then a will also hold 5. Because increase b by 1 after assigning it into a.Example CodeC++ Post Increment OperatorOutputExample CodeOutputExample CodePre Increment In COutputC++ Post IncrementExample CodeOutput
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Within the C programming language the increment and decrement are often used in this simple generic way. The operator of increment is represented by two plus signs in a row. Increment and decremented operators are used in some programming languages like C, C, C#, Java, etc. Let’s see how these operators are used in C. Increment operator () increases the value by one and decremented operator (−−) decreases it by one. There are two different ways these operators are used: prefix and postfix.
*Post Increment Operator
*C++ Post Increment Operator
*Pre Increment In C
*C++ Post Increment-->
The following operators perform arithmetic operations with operands of numeric types:
*Unary ++ (increment), -- (decrement), + (plus), and - (minus) operators
*Binary * (multiplication), / (division), % (remainder), + (addition), and - (subtraction) operators
Those operators are supported by all integral and floating-point numeric types.
In the case of integral types, those operators (except the ++ and -- operators) are defined for the int, uint, long, and ulong types. When operands are of other integral types (sbyte, byte, short, ushort, or char), their values are converted to the int type, which is also the result type of an operation. When operands are of different integral or floating-point types, their values are converted to the closest containing type, if such a type exists. For more information, see the Numeric promotions section of the C# language specification. The ++ and -- operators are defined for all integral and floating-point numeric types and the char type.Increment operator ++
The unary increment operator ++ increments its operand by 1. The operand must be a variable, a property access, or an indexer access.
The increment operator is supported in two forms: the postfix increment operator, x++, and the prefix increment operator, ++x.Postfix increment operator
The result of x++ is the value of xbefore the operation, as the following example shows:Prefix increment operator
The result of ++x is the value of xafter the operation, as the following example shows:Decrement operator --
The unary decrement operator -- decrements its operand by 1. The operand must be a variable, a property access, or an indexer access.
The decrement operator is supported in two forms: the postfix decrement operator, x--, and the prefix decrement operator, --x.Postfix decrement operator
The result of x-- is the value of xbefore the operation, as the following example shows:Prefix decrement operator
The result of --x is the value of xafter the operation, as the following example shows:Unary plus and minus operators
The unary + operator returns the value of its operand. The unary - operator computes the numeric negation of its operand.
The ulong type doesn’t support the unary - operator.
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The multiplication operator * computes the product of its operands:
The unary * operator is the pointer indirection operator.Division operator /
The division operator / divides its left-hand operand by its right-hand operand.Integer division
For the operands of integer types, the result of the / operator is of an integer type and equals the quotient of the two operands rounded towards zero:
Nc history for kids. To obtain the quotient of the two operands as a floating-point number, use the float, double, or decimal type:Floating-point division
For the float, double, and decimal types, the result of the / operator is the quotient of the two operands:
If one of the operands is decimal, another operand can be neither float nor double, because neither float nor double is implicitly convertible to decimal. You must explicitly convert the float or double operand to the decimal type. For more information about conversions between numeric types, see Built-in numeric conversions.Remainder operator %
The remainder operator % computes the remainder after dividing its left-hand operand by its right-hand operand.
The College Info Geek Podcast Learn how to be a more effective student, even while you’re doing your laundry. Study Music Playlist Get a concentrated dose of focus for your ears. Tools Manage your money, stay focused, and get things done. College Packing List. Money geek blog. Business, Engineering, Finance, Law, Marketing, Advertising, Lifestyle, Health, Home Decor, IT, Science, Technology - News, Updaes, How to Guides. Advertise With GeekBlog GeekBlog is an online blog for geeks who are looking for Multimedia Technology, latest products. Also, for those who are looking for the latest and best products and services in the world of Geek. For prices and more details if you need, please contact ads@digi1.co. Supported Advertisements on GeekBlog Sponsored Posts.Integer remainder
For the operands of integer types, the result of a % b is the value produced by a - (a / b) * b. The sign of the non-zero remainder is the same as that of the left-hand operand, as the following example shows:
Use the Math.DivRem method to compute both integer division and remainder results.Floating-point remainder
For the float and double operands, the result of x % y for the finite x and y is the value z such that
*The sign of z, if non-zero, is the same as the sign of x.
*The absolute value of z is the value produced by |x| - n * |y| where n is the largest possible integer that is less than or equal to |x| / |y| and |x| and |y| are the absolute values of x and y, respectively.
Note
This method of computing the remainder is analogous to that used for integer operands, but different from the IEEE 754 specification. If you need the remainder operation that complies with the IEEE 754 specification, use the Math.IEEERemainder method.
For information about the behavior of the % operator with non-finite operands, see the Remainder operator section of the C# language specification.
For the decimal operands, the remainder operator % is equivalent to the remainder operator of the System.Decimal type.
The following example demonstrates the behavior of the remainder operator with floating-point operands:Addition operator +
The addition operator + computes the sum of its operands:
You can also use the + operator for string concatenation and delegate combination. For more information, see the + and += operators article.Subtraction operator -
The subtraction operator - subtracts its right-hand operand from its left-hand operand:
You can also use the - operator for delegate removal. For more information, see the - and -= operators article.Compound assignment
For a binary operator op, a compound assignment expression of the form
is equivalent to
except that x is only evaluated once.
The following example demonstrates the usage of compound assignment with arithmetic operators:
Because of numeric promotions, the result of the op operation might be not implicitly convertible to the type T of x. In such a case, if op is a predefined operator and the result of the operation is explicitly convertible to the type T of x, a compound assignment expression of the form x op= y is equivalent to x = (T)(x op y), except that x is only evaluated once. The following example demonstrates that behavior:
You also use the += and -= operators to subscribe to and unsubscribe from an event, respectively. For more information, see How to subscribe to and unsubscribe from events.Operator precedence and associativity
The following list orders arithmetic operators starting from the highest precedence to the lowest:
*Postfix increment x++ and decrement x-- operators
*Prefix increment ++x and decrement --x and unary + and - operators
*Multiplicative *, /, and % operators
*Additive + and - operators
Binary arithmetic operators are left-associative. That is, operators with the same precedence level are evaluated from left to right.
Use parentheses, (), to change the order of evaluation imposed by operator precedence and associativity.
For the complete list of C# operators ordered by precedence level, see the Operator precedence section of the C# operators article.Arithmetic overflow and division by zero
When the result of an arithmetic operation is outside the range of possible finite values of the involved numeric type, the behavior of an arithmetic operator depends on the type of its operands.Integer arithmetic overflow
Integer division by zero always throws a DivideByZeroException.
In case of integer arithmetic overflow, an overflow checking context, which can be checked or unchecked, controls the resulting behavior:
*In a checked context, if overflow happens in a constant expression, a compile-time error occurs. Otherwise, when the operation is performed at run time, an OverflowException is thrown.
*In an unchecked context, the result is truncated by discarding any high-order bits that don’t fit in the destination type.
Along with the checked and unchecked statements, you can use the checked and unchecked operators to control the overflow checking context, in which an expression is evaluated:
By default, arithmetic operations occur in an unchecked context.Floating-point arithmetic overflow
Arithmetic operations with the float and double types never throw an exception. The result of arithmetic operations with those types can be one of special values that represent infinity and not-a-number:
For the operands of the decimal type, arithmetic overflow always throws an OverflowException and division by zero always throws a DivideByZeroException.Round-off errors
Because of general limitations of the floating-point representation of real numbers and floating-point arithmetic, round-off errors might occur in calculations with floating-point types. That is, the produced result of an expression might differ from the expected mathematical result. The following example demonstrates several such cases:
For more information, see remarks at the System.Double, System.Single, or System.Decimal reference pages.Operator overloadability
A user-defined type can overload the unary (++, --, +, and -) and binary (*, /, %, +, and -) arithmetic operators. When a binary operator is overloaded, the corresponding compound assignment operator is also implicitly overloaded. A user-defined type cannot explicitly overload a compound assignment operator.C# language specification
For more information, see the following sections of the C# language specification:See also
* Related Questions & Answers
*Selected ReadingC++Server Side ProgrammingProgramming
The Pre increment and post increment both operators are used as increment operations. The pre increment operator is used to increment the value of some variable before using it in an expression. In the pre increment the value is incremented at first, then used inside the expression.
if the expression is a = ++b; and b is holding 5 at first, then a will hold 6. Because increase b by 1, then set the value of a with it.Example CodeOutputExample CodeOutputExample CodeOutputExample CodePost Increment OperatorOutput
The post increment operator is used to increment the value of some variable after using it in an expression. In the post increment the value is used inside the expression, then incremented by one.
if the expression is a = b++; and b is holding 5 at first, then a will also hold 5. Because increase b by 1 after assigning it into a.Example CodeC++ Post Increment OperatorOutputExample CodeOutputExample CodePre Increment In COutputC++ Post IncrementExample CodeOutput
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